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n-1-2-020.10.2a
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N-1-2-020.10.2 Cultivation of E-Mail Use Among Social Science and
Humanities Institutes of The Russian Academy of Sciences by Alexandra
V. Belyaeva*, <abelyaeva@home.vega.msk.su>, and Michael Cole**
<mcole@ucsd.edu>
Our research on the development of joint activity between Russian and
American scientists began in the fall of 1985. For the first few
years of our work, we focused on issues of learning and development
mediated by computer networks linked through satellites. (For a
preliminary report of this work see Belyaeva & Cole, 1989, referenced
below.) With the opening of Relcom and the prospect of Russian
participation in EARN, we moved our activities to the internet.
Until the events of August, 1991 our efforts were necessarily limited
in active discussion with the remaining social science and humanities
institutes in an attempt to help them enter the era of
computer-network mediated, international, and scientific activity.
In tracking and facilitating the growth of e-mail mediated activity,
we have combined interview methods with the writing of detailed
fieldnotes of discussions with administrators and everyday scientific
users, in addition to simple measures of traffic. We have found that
initial responses to the possibility of using e-mail as a medium of
scientific exchange share certain similar features, regardless of the
institutional role of the person in question. At the same time, there
are very marked differences associated with the position of the
individual within his/her institute's bureaucratic hierarchy and the
subject matter addressed by the institute.
By and large, people have had a very difficult time grasping the basic
properties of e-mail. When first contacted and asked about their
interest in using this mode of communication, most people's initial
response was something like, "Why do I need such a thing? We have
telex facilities (or fax machines) at our institute." Verbal
descriptions of the nature of e-mail mediated work did not suffice;
people needed demonstrations and explanations that included successful
attempts to contact someone abroad and reception of an answer within
24 hours. Once they grasped the main idea, next reactions were
sharply differentiated by status. High ranking officials were
generally negative about the possibility of e-mail; everyday
scientists and graduate students were much more enthusiastic.
Several reasons may be deduced for this difference in orientations, but
the fact that productive e-mail use is decentralized and radically
heterochronous makes it anathema to top-down systems of controlled
communication (the traditional Russian model).
The work is ongoing. We welcome comments, inquiries, and suggestions
for our work.
References:
Belyaeva, A.V., & Cole, M. (1989). Computer-mediated joint
activity in the service of human development: An overview.
Quarterly Newsletter of the Laboratory of Comparative
Human Cognition, 11, (Whole #3).
* Vega International Laboratory, Moscow
** Communication Department, U.C. San Diego, California, USA